Joan's Lewis & Clark Geek Page

April 30 Wednesday, 1806

[Clark] This morning we had Some dificuelty in Collecting our horses notwithstanding we had hobbled & Picqueted those we obtained of those people.    we purchased two other horses this morning and 4 dogs.    we exchanged one of our most indeferent horses for a very good one with the Choponnish man who has his family with him.    this man has a doughter now arived at the age of puberty who being in a certain Situation—is not permited to acoiate with the family but Sleeps at a distance from her father's Camp, and when traveling follows at Some distance behind.    in this State I am informed that the female is not permited to eat, nor to touch any article of a culinary nature or manly occupation.    at 10 A. M. we had Collected all our horses except the White horse which Yelleppit the Great Chief had given me.    the whole of the men haveing returned without being able to find this hors. I informed the chief and he mounted Capt Lewis's horse and went in Serch of the horse himself. about half an hour after the Chopunnish man brought my horse.    we deturmined to proceed on with the party leaving one man to bring up Capt L.—s horse when Yelleppit Should return. We took leave of those honest friendly people the Wallah wallahs and departed at 11 A. M. accompanied by our guide and the Chopunnish man and family.    we Continued our rout N. 30° E. 14 ms. through an open leavel Sandy Plain to a bold Creek 10 yards wide.    this stream is a branch of the Wallahwallah river, and takes it's rise in the same range of mountains to the East of the main branch.    deep and has a bold Current.    there are maney large banks of pure Sand which appear to have been drifted up by the wind to the hight of 20 or 30 feet, lying in maney parts of the plains through which we passed to day. This plain as usial is covered with arromatic Shruubs, hurbatious plants and tufts of Short grass. Maney of those plants produce those esculent roots which forms a principal part of the Subsistance of the Nativs.    among others there is one which produce a root Somewhat like the Sweet potato. We encamped at the place we intersepted the Creek where we had the pleasure once more to find a Sufficency of wood for the purpose of makeing ourselves comfortable fires, which has not been the Case Since we left Rock fort Camp below the falls. Drewyer killed a beaver and an otter.    the narrow bottoms of this Creek is fertile.    tho' the plains are pore & Sandy.    the hills of the Creek are general abrupt and rocky.    there is Some timber on this Creek.    it consists of Cotton wood, birch, the Crimson haw, red willow, Sweet willow, Choke Cherry, yellow Current, goose berry, white berried honey suckle, rose bushes, Seven bark, Shoemate &c. &c.    rushes in Some pats of the bottoms.

R. Fields over took us with Capt Lewis's horse    our Stock of horses have now increased to 23 and several most of them excellent young horses, but much the greatest part of them have Sore backs.    those Indians are cruel horse masters; they ride hard and their Saddles illey constructed.    &c. &c.

Our Party, after having suffered greatly to scrounge up a half dozen cayuses, now finds themselves with 23, including the elusive elegant all white horse given Captain Clark.  Saddle sores can take a very long time to "hair over" or heal, and usually are often, easily skinned again.  The great treatment the group received from the Walla Walla's must rank way up towards the top of the order. 

April 29th Tuesday, 1806

[Lewis] This morning Yellept furnished us with two canoes and we began to transport our baggage over the river; we also sent a party of the men over to collect the horses.    we purchased some dogs and shappellell this morning.    we had now a store of 12 dogs for our voyage through the plains.    by 11 A. M. we had passed the river with our party and baggage but were detained several hours in consequence of not being able to collect our horses.    our guide now informed us that it was too late in the evening to reach an eligible place to encamp; that we could not reach any water before night.    we therefore thought it best to remain on the Wallahwollah river about a mile from the Columbia untill the morning, and accordingly encamped on that river near a fish wear.    this wear consists of two curtains of small willow switches matted together with four lines of withs of the same materials extening quite across the river, parrallel with eah other and about 6 feet assunder.    those are supported by several parsels of poles placed in the manner before discribed of the fishing wears.    these curtains of willows are either roled at one end for a few feet to permit the fish to pass or are let down at pleasure.    they take their fish which at present are a mullet only of from one to five lbs., with small seines of 15 or 18 feet long drawn by two persons; these they drag down to the wear and raise the bottom of the seine against the willow curtain.    they have also a small seine maniaged by one person it bags in the manner of the scooping net; the one side of the net is confined to a simicircular bow of half the size of a man's arm and about 5 feet long; the other side is confined to a strong string which being attatched to the extremities of the bow forms the cord line to the simicircle. The Wallah-wollah river discharges itself into the Columbia on it's S. side  15 miles below the entrance of Lewis's river or the S. E. branch.    a high range of hills pass the Columbia just below the entrance of this river.     this is a handsome stream about 4½ feet deep and 50 yds. wide; it's bed is composed of gravel principally with some sand and mud;   the banks are abrupt but not high, tho' it does not appear to overflow; the water is clear.    the indians inform us that it has it's surces in the range of mountains in view of us to the E and S. E.     these mountains commence a little to the south of Mt. Hood and extending themselves in a N. Eastwardly direction terminate near a Southen branch  of Lewis's river short of the Rocky mountains. The Towannahiooks river, river LaPage [NB: You ma lol am R] and the Wollah-wollah rivers all take their rise on the N side of these mountains; two principal branches of the first  of these take their rise in Mountains Jefferson and hood.    these mountains are covered with snow at present tho' do not appear high; they seperate the waters of the Multnomah from those of the Columbia river.    they appear to be about 65 or 70 miles distant from hence. The Snake indian prisoner informed us that at some distance in the large plains to the South of those mountains there was a large river runing to the N. W. which was as wide as the Columbia at this place which is nearly one mile.   this account is no doubt some what exagerated but it serves to evince the certainty of the Multnomah being a very large river and that it's waters are seperated from the Columbia by those mountains and that with the aid of a southwardly branch of Lewis's river which passes arrond the eastern extremity of those mountains, it must water that vast tract of country extending from those mountains to the waters of the gulph of California.    and no doubt it heads with the[WC?: waters of the Missouri] and the del Nord.    we gave small medals to two inferior cheifs of this nation and they each presented us a fine horse    in return we gave them sundry articles and among others one of my case pistols  and several hundred rounds of amunition.    there are 12 other lodges of the Wollahwollah nation on this river a little distance below our camp.  these as well as those beyond the Columbia appear to depend on this fishing wear for their subsistence.    these people as well as the Chymnahpos are very well dressed, much more so particularly their women than they were as we decended the river last fall most of them have long shirts and leggings, good robes and mockersons.    their women wear the truss when they cannot procure the shirt, but very few are seen with the former at this moment. I presume the success of their winters hunt has produced this change in their attire.    they all cut their hair in their forehead and most of the men wear the two cews over each sholder in front of the body; some have the addition of a few small plats formed of the earlocks and others tigh a small bundle of the docked foretop in front of the forehead.    their ornaments are such as discribed of the nations below and are woarn in a similar manner.    they insisted on our dancinq this evening but it rained a little the wind blew hard and the weather was cold, we therefore did not indulge them.—

The captains try their best to sort out the river situation from what they can see and what different natives tell them.  They even get so far off as thinking that the Colorada River of the Rockies may be with in viewing distance.  The area they're getting ready to cross is now known as "The Horse Heaven" country.  Not well watered, it served wild horses well as they would travel a greater distance for water than most wild animals.  The Walla Walla tribe has been extremely friendly and helpful to the Party.

April 28th Monday, 1806

[Clark] This morning early the Great Chief Yel lip pet brought a very eligant white horse to our Camp and presented him to me Signifying his wish to get a kittle but being informed that we had already disposed of every kittle we could possibly Spare he Said he was Content with what ever I thought proper to give him. I gave him my Swoard, 100 balls & powder and Some Small articles of which he appeared perfectly Satisfied.    it was necessary before we entered on our rout through the plains where we were to meet with no lodges or resident Indians that we Should lay in a Stock of provisions and not depend altogether on the gun.    we derected R. Frazer to whome we have intrusted the duty of makeing the purchases, to lay in as maney fat dogs as he could procure; he Soon obtained 10.    being anxious to  depart we requested the Cheif to furnish us with Canoes to pass the river, but he insisted on our remaining with him this day at least, that he would be much pleased if we would consent to remain two or 3 days, but he would not let  us have Canoes to leave him this day.    that he had Sent for the Chim-na-pums his neighbours to come down and join his people this evening and dance for us. We urged the necessity of our proceeding on imediately in order that we might the Sooner return to them, with the articles which they wishd. brought to them but this had no effect, he Said that the time he asked Could not make any Considerable difference. I at length urged that there was no wind blowing and that the river was consequently in good order to pass our horses and if he would furnish us with Canoes for that purpose we would remain all night at our present encampment, to this proposition he assented and Soon produced a Canoe. I Saw a man who had his knee Contracted who had previously applyed to me for Some Medisene, that if he would fournish another Canoe I would give him Some Medisene.    he readily Consented and went himself with his Canoe by means of which we passed our horses over the river Safely and hobbled them as usial—. We found a Sho Sho ne woman, prisoner among those people by means of whome and Sah-cah gah-weah, Shabono's wife we found means of Converceing with the Wallahwallârs.    we Conversed with them for Several hours and fully Satisfy all their enquiries with respect to our Selves and the Object of our pursute.    they were much pleased.    they brought Several disordered persons to us for whome they requested Some Medical aid.    one had his knee contracted by the Rhumitism (whome is just mentioned above) another with a broken arm &c. to all of whome we administered much to the gratification of those pore wretches, we gave them Some eye water which I believe will render them more esential Sirvece than any other article in the Medical way which we had it in our power to bestow on them Sore eyes Seam to be a  universial Complaint among those people; I have no doubt but the fine Sands of those plains and the river Contribute much to the disorder. The man who had his arm broken had it loosely bound in a peice of leather without any thing to Surport it. I dressed the arm which was broken Short above the wrist  & Supported it with broad Sticks to keep it in place, put in a Sling and furnished him with Some lint bandages &c. to Dress it in future.    a little before Sun Set the Chim nah poms arrived; they were about 100 men and a fiew women; they joined the Wallah wallahs who were about 150 men and formed a half Circle arround our camp where they waited verry patiently to See our party dance.    the fiddle was played and the men amused themselves with danceing about an hour.    we then requested the Indians to dance untill 10 at night.    the whole assemblage of Indians about 350 men women and Children Sung and danced at the Same time.    most of them danced in the Same place they Stood and mearly jumped up to the time of their musick. Some of the men who were esteemed most brave entered the Space around which the main body were formed in Solid Column and danced in a Circular manner Side wise.    at 10 P M. the dance ended and the nativs retired; they were much gratified in Seeing Some of our Party join them in their dance.    one of their party who made himself the most Conspicious Character in the dance and Songs, we were told was a Medesene man & Could foretell things.    that he had told of our Comeing into their Country and was now about to Consult his God the moon if what we Said was the truth &c. &c.

Well, the Walla Wallas and their neighbors really turned on the hospitality.  Everyone seems to enjoy the brief break and they've already got their horses across the river to boot.  Turns out a  very fine day and evening for our group.

April 27th Sunday, 1806

[Lewis]   This morning we were detained untill 9 A. M. in consequence of the absence of one of Charbono's horses.    the horse at length being recovered we set out and [NB: passed above our camp a small river called Youmalolam riv.   & to] at the distance of fifteen miles passed through a country similar to that of yesterday; the hills at the extremity of this distance again approach the river and are rocky abrupt and 300 feet high.    we ascended the hill and marched through a high plain for 9 miles when we again returned to the river,   I now thought it best to halt as the horses and men were much fatiegued altho had not reached the Wallah wollah village as we had been led to beleive by our guide who informed us that the village was at the place we should next return to the river, and the consideration of our having but little provision had been our inducement to make the march we had made this morning.    we collected some of the dry stalks of weeds and the stems of a shrub which resembles the southern wood; made a small fire and boiled a small quantity of our jerked meat on which we dined; while here the principal Cheif of the Wallahwallahs joined us with six men of his nation.    this Cheif by name Yel-lept' had visited us on the morning of the 19 of October at our encampment a little below this place; we gave him at that time a small medal, and promised him a larger one on our return.    he appeared much gratifyed at seeng us return, invited us to remain at his village three or four days and assured us that we should be furnished with a plenty of such food as they had themselves; and some horses to assist us on our journey.    after our scanty repast we continued our march accompanyed by Yellept and his party to the village which we found at the distance of six miles situated on the N. side of the river at the lower side of the low country about 12 ms. below the entrance of Lewis's river.   This Cheif is a man of much influence not only in his own nation but also among the neighbouring tribes and nations.—    This Village consists of 15 large mat lodges.    at present they seem to subsist principally on a speceis of mullet which weigh from one to three lbs. and roots of various discriptions which these plains furnish them in great abundance.    they also take a few salmon trout of the white kind.—    Yellept haranged his village in our favour intreated them to furnish us with fuel and provision and set the example himself by bringing us an armfull of wood and a platter of 3 roasted mullets.     the others soon followed his example with rispect to fuel and we soon found ourselves in possession of an ample stock.    they birn the stems of the shrubs in the plains there being no timber in their neighbourhood of any discription.    we purchased four dogs of these people on which the party suped heartily having been on short allowance for near two days.    the indians retired when we requested them this evening and behaved themselves in every rispect extreemly well. the indians informed us that there was a good road which passed from the columbia opposite to this village to the entrance of the Kooskooske on the S. side of Lewis's river;  they also informed us, that there were a plenty of deer and Antelopes on the road, with good water and grass.    we knew that a road in that direction if the country would permit would shorten our rout at least 80 miles.    the indians also informed us that the country was level and the road good, under these circumstances we did not hesitate in pursuing the rout recommended by our guide whos information was corroberated by Yellept & others.    we concluded to pass our horses over early in the morning.—

The Party get a royal reception by the Walla Walla tribe and directions to the Snake (Lewis's River) and Clearwater (Kooskooske) which will save them several days.  They'll have to swim their horses and baggage across the Columbia in some way, but seem prepared to do so.

April 26th Saturday, 1806

[Lewis] This morning early we set forward and at the distance of three miles entered a low level plain country of great extent.    here the river hills are low and receede a great distance from the river this low country commence on the S. side of the river about 10 miles below our encampment of last evening.    these plains are covered with a variety of herbatious plants, grass, and three speceis of shrubs specimines of which I have preserved.    at the distance of twelve miles we halted near a few willows which afforded us a sufficient quantity of fuel to cook our dinner which consisted of the ballance of the dogs we had purchased yesterday evening and some jirked Elk.    we were overtaken today by several families of the natives who were traveling up the river with a number of horses; they continued with us much to our annoyance as the day was worm the roads dusty and we could not prevent their horses from crouding in and breaking our order of mach without using some acts of severity which we did not wish to commit.    after dinner we continued our march through the level plain near the river 16 Ms. and encamped about a mile below three lodges of the Wollah wollah nation,  and about 7 Ms. above our encampment of the 19 of October last.    after we encamped a little Indian boy caught several chubbs with a bone in this form  which he substituted for a hook.    these fish were of about 9 inches long small head large abdomen, small where the tail joined the body, the tail wide long is proportion and forked.    the back and ventral fins were equadistant from the head and had each 10 bony rays, the fns next the gills nine each and that near the tail 12.    the upper exceeded the under jaw, the latter is truncate at the extremity and the tonge and pallet are smooth.    the colour is white on the sides and belley and a blewish brown on the back.    the iris of the eye is of a silvery colour and puple black.—    we covered ourselves partially this evening from the rain by means of an old tent.

Despite Indian loose horses and breaking their marching order our Party makes good progress.  No other horse problems were described so they're getting the kinks worked out.  Neither captain mentions where they might have acquired and "old tent" to shelter them from the rain, but guess it has been with them for the duration.       

April 25th Friday, 1806

[Lewis] This morning we collected our horses and set out at 9 A. M. and proceeded on 11 ms. to the Village of the Pish-quit-pahs  of 51 mat lodges where we arrived at 2 P. M. purchased five dogs and some wood from them and took dinner.    this village contains about 7 hundred souls. most of those people were in the plains at a distance from the river as we passed down last fall, they had now therefore the gratification of beholding whitemen for the first time.    while here they flocked arround us in great numbers tho' treated us with much rispect.    we gave two medals of the small size to their two principal Cheifs who were pointed out to us by our Chopunnish fellow traveller and were acknowledged by the nation.    we exposed a few old clothes my dirk and Capt. C's swoard to barter for horses but were unsuccessfull    these articles constitute at present our principal stock in trade.    the Pish-quit-pahs insisted much on our remaining with them all night, but sudry reasons conspired to urge our noncomplyance with their wishes.    we passed one house or reather lodge of the Metcowwees about a mile above our encampment of the [blank]th of October last.     the Pish-quit-pahs, may be considered hunters as well as fishermen as they spend the fall and winter months in that occupation.    they are generally pleasently featured of statue and well proportioned.    both women and men ride extreemly well.    their bridle is usually a hair rope tyed with both ends to the under jaw of the horse, and their saddle consists of a pad of dressed skin stuffed with goats hair with wooden stirups.    almost all the horses which I have seen in possession of the Indians have soar backs.    the Pishquitpah women for the most part dress with short shirts which reach to their knees long legings and mockersons, they also use large robes; some of them weare only the truss and robe they brade their hair as before discribed but the heads of neither male nor female of this tribe are so much flattened as the nations lower down on this river.    at 4 P. M. we set out accompanyed by eighteen or twenty of their young men on horseback.    we continued our rout about nine miles where finding as many willows as would answer our purposes for fuel we encamped for the evening.    the country we passed through was much as that of yesterday.    the river hills are about 250 feet high and generally abrupt and craggey in many places faced with a perpendicular and solid rock.    this rock is black and hard.    leve plains extend themselves from the tops of the river hills to a great distance on either side of the river.    the soil is not as fertile as about the falls, tho' it produces a low grass on which the horses feed very conveniently.    it astonished me to seed the order of their horses at this season of the year when I knew that they had wintered on the dry grass of the plains and at the same time road with greater severity than is common among ourselves. I did not see a single horses which could be deemed poor and many of them were as fat as seals.    their horses are generally good.    this evining after we had encamped, we traded for two horses with nearly the same articles we had offered at the village; these nags Capt. C. and myself intend riding ourselves; haveing now a sufficiency to transport with ease all our baggage and the packs of the men.—    we killed six ducks in the course of the day; one of them was of a speceis  which I had never before seen I therefore had the most material parts of it reserved as a specimine, the leggs are yellow and feet webbed as those of the duckandmallard.    saw many common lizzards,  several rattlesnakes killed by the party, they are the same as those common to the U' States.    the horned Lizzard   is also common.—    had the fiddle played at the request of the natives and some of the men danced.    we passed five lodges of the Wallâh wollâhs  at the distance of 4 miles above the Pishquitpahs.—

Well, the old infantry "RHIP" (rank has it's privileges) was in as much effect then as it does now.  The Captains will no longer walk, one in the lead and the other in the back of their column.  They are now probably in Klickitat County, Washington, although the footnotes tell us since most of this same area in now under water from The Dallas dam, making it difficult to pinpoint their current campgrounds. They seem to have most of the kinks out of their pack horses and their trusty canoes are long gone.

April 24th Thursday, 1806

[Clark] rose early this morning and Sent out after the horses all of which were found except McNeals which I hired an Indian to find and gave him a Tomahawk    had 4 pack Saddles made ready to pack the horses which we may purchase.    we purchased 3 horses, and hired 3 others of the Chopunnish man who accompanies us with his family, and at 1 P. M. Set out and proceeded on through a open Countrey rugid & Sandy between Some high lands and the river to a village of 5 Lodges of the Met-cow-we band haveing passed 4 Lodges at 4 miles and 2 Lodges at 6 miles. Great numbers of the nativs pass us on hors back    maney meet us and Continued with us to the Lodges.    we purchased 3 dogs which were pore, but the fattest we Could precure, and Cooked them with Straw and dry willow.    we Sold our Canoes for a fiew Strands of beeds.    the nativs had tantelized us with an exchange of horses for our Canoes in the first instance, but when they found that we had made our arrangements to travel by land they would give us nothing for them.    we Sent Drewyer to Cut them up, he Struck one and Split her    they discovered that we were deturmined to destroy the Canoes and offered us Several Strans of beeds which were acceptd    most of the party Complain of their feet and legs this evening being very Sore.    it is no doubt Causd. by walking over the rough Stone and deep Sand after being accustomed to a Soft Soil.    my legs and feet give me much pain. I bathed them in Cold water from which I experienced Considerable relief.    we directed that the 3 horses purchased yesterday should be hobbled and confined to pickquets and that the others Should be Hobbled & Spancled, and Strictly attended to by the guard    made 12 miles to day.—

The Party continues having problems keeping their horses together overnight.  This problem will always be present especially when horses strange to one another are bunched.  They lack any established pecking order and want to return to their previous home.  Experienced westerners like the old open range ranch oufits created the job of horse wrangling for two cowboys.  They were usually the least experienced or younger crew members and one kept the "cavy" together in daytime and the other at night.  At sunup, the night wrangler brought the bunch to the chuck wagon and drove them into a corral made of rope strung around trees if there were any or just a few posts set in the ground.   Everyone could catch the horse needed for the day's ride and the day wrangler herded the remaining horses around till evening when the "Nighthawk" tool over again.  The jobs weren't very exciting but extremely important.

April 23rd Wednesday, 1806

[Clark]   at day light this morning we were informed that the two horses of our interpreter Shabono were missing    on enquirey we were informed that he had neglected to tie up his horses as derected last evening.    we imedeately dispatch him, R. Fields & Labiech in Serch of the horses, one of them were purch found at no great distnace.    the other was not found. R. Fields retd. without finding the horse Set out with Sergt Gass in the Small Canoe at about 8 A M.    at 10 Shabono and Labiech returned also unsucksessfull    they had went on the back trail nearly to the last Village and took a circle around on the hills.    as our Situation was Such that we Could not detain for a horse, which would prevent our makeing a timely Stage which is a great object with us in those open plains, we Concluded to give up the horse and proceed on to the next village which we were informed was at Some distance and would take us the greater part of the day.    at 11 A. M. we packed up and Set out and proceeded up on the N. Side of the Columbia on a high narrow bottom and rockey for 12 miles to the Wah-how-pum village near the rock rapid of 12 temporary mat Lodges, those people appeared pleased to See us.    they Sold us 4 dogs Some Shapollell and wood for our Small articles Such as awls pieces of Tin and brass.    we passed Several Lodges on the bank of the river where they were fixed waiting for the Salmon. I over took a Choponish man whome I had Seen at the long,  and who had found a bag of our powder and brought it to me at that place.    this man had his family on the [blank] and about 3 head of horses which appeared young and unbroke.    his spous as also that of the other gave me a Cake of Chapellell and proceeded on with me to the Wah howpum Village and formed his Camp near us.    we Caused all the old & brave men to Set around and Smoke with us.    we Caused the fiddle to be played and Some of the men danced.    after them the nativs danced.    they dance different from any Indians I have Seen.    they dance with their Sholders together and pass from Side to Side, defferent parties passing each other, from 2 to 7.    and 4 parties danceing at the Same time and Concluding the dance by passing promiscuisly throu & beetween each other.    after which we Sent of the Indians and retired to bed. Those people Speak a language verry Similal to the Chopunish and with a very inconsiderable difference.    their dress and appearance to the Chopunish and with a very inconsiderable difference.    their dress and appearance is more like those of the Great falls of the Columbia.    we had all our horses Side hobbled and let out to feed.    at this village a large Creek falls in on the N. Side which I had not observed as I decended the river.    the river is by no means as rapid as it was at the time we decended. The nativs promised to give is a horse for one of our Canoes. and offer to Sell us another for a Scarlet robe which we have not at present. Shabono made a bargin with one of the Indian men going with us, for a horse for Which he gave his Shirt.    and two of the leather Sutes of his wife. The Sand through which we walked to day is So light that renders the march verry fatigueing.    made 12 miles by land.

Our Group finds foot travel not much fun, especially in light sand.  They evidently did a good job of securing their ponies for an overnight, only losing Charbono's two who were evidently turned loose by the guide himself.  The current tribe of natives seem very friendly and obliging as opposed to most of the natives grouped around the Columbia's great falls.

April 22nd Tuesday, 1806

[Lewis] Last night two of our horses broke loos from the picquits and straggled off some little distance, the men who had charge of them fortunately recovered them early.    at 7 A. M. we set out having previously sent on our small Canoe with Colter and Potts.    we had not arrived at the top of a hill over which the road leads opposite the village before Charbono's horse threw his load, and taking fright at the saddle and robe which still adhered, ran at full speed down the hill, near the village he disengaged himself from the saddle and robe, an indian hid the robe in is lodge. I sent our guide and one man who was with me in the rear to assist Charbono in retaking his horse which having done they returned to the village on the track of the horse in surch of the lost articles    they found the saddle but could see nothing of the robe the indians denyed having seen it; they then continued on the track of the horse to the place from whence he had set out with the same success.    being now confident that the indians had taken it I sent the Indian woman on to request Capt. C. to halt the party and send back some of the men to my assistance being determined either to make the indians deliver the robe or birn their houses. they have vexed me in such a manner by such repeated acts of villany that I am quite disposed to treat them with every severyty, their defenseless state pleads forgiveness so far as rispects their lives.    with this resolution I returned to their village which I had just reached as Labuish met me with the robe which he informed me he found in an Indian lodg his behind their baggage. I now returned and joined Capt Clark who was waiting my arrival with the party.    the Indian woman had not reached Capt C. untill about the time I arrived and he returned from a position on the top of a hill   not far from where he had halted the party.    from the top of this emmenense Capt. C. had an extensive view of the country.    he observed the range of mountains in which Mount Hood stands to continue nearly south as far as the eye could reach.    he also observed the snow clad top of Mount Jefferson which boar S. 10 W. Mount Hood from the same point boar S. 30 W.    the tops of the range of western mountains are covered with snow. Capt C. also discovered some timbered country in a Southern direction from him at no great distance. Clarks river [NB: Towarnahiooks] which mouths immediately opposite this point of view forks at the distance of 18 or 20 miles form hence, the wright hand fork takes its rise in mount Hood, and the main branch continues it's course to the S. E. [NB: 10 or 12 miles higher up another fork comes in from Mt. Jefferson]    we now made the following regulations as to our future order of march (viz) that Capt. C. & myself should devide the men who were disencumbered by horses and march alternately each day the one in front and the other in rear.    haveing divided the party agreeably to this arrangement, we proceeded on through an open plain country about 8 miles to a village of 6 houses of the Eneshur nation,   here we observed our 2 canoes passing up on the opposite side; the wind being too high for them to pass the river they continued on.    we halted at a small run just above the village where we dined on some dogs which we purchased of the inhabitants and suffered our horses to graize about three hours.    there is no timber in this country we are obliged to purchase our fuel of the natives, who bling it from a great distance.    while we halted for dinner we purch a horse.    after dinner we proceeded on up the river about 4 miles to a village of 7 mat lodges of the last mentioned nation.      here our Chopunnish guide informed us that the next village was at a considerable distance and that we could not reach it tonight.    the people at this place offered to sell us wood and dogs, and we therefore thought it better to remain all night.    a man blonging to the next village above proposed exchanging a horse for one of our canoes, just at this moment one of our canoes was passing.    we hailed them and ordered them to come over but the wind continued so high that they could not join us untill after sunset and the Indian who wished to exchange his horse for the canoe had gone on. Charbonoe purchased a horse this evening.    we obtained 4 dogs and as much wood as answered our purposes on moderate terms.    we can only afford ourselves one fire, and are obliged to lie without shelter, the nights are cold and days warm.—    Colter and Pots had passed on with their canoe.

Charbono's horse stampedes and really complicates matters.  I've wondered about the breaking and all-around gentleness of these Indian ponys. As a child many years ago, I heard a story told about a buckaroo trading his horse with one owned by a member of a small group of Indians.  After much haggling the swap was completed and the cowboy had his lariat on the horse he'd just traded for and was going to lead him closer to his saddle and the horse refused.  This caused great merriment among the Indians and his recent owner said. among gales of laughter, "him no lead".  Learning to lead was always the first thing taught a raw bronk in the cowboy world. Certainly, a good many, even fairly gentle cayuses, would not appreciate wearing a packsaddle and a load of utensils that would rattle and make noise.

April 21st Monday, 1806

[Clark] A fair Cold morning    I found it useless to make any further attempts to trade horses with those unfriendly people who only Crouded about me to view and make their remarks and Smoke, the latter I did not indulge them with to day.    at 12 oClock Capt Lewis and party Came up from the Skillutes Village with 9 horses packed and one which bratten who was yet too weak to walk, rode, and Soon after the two Small Canoes also loaded with the residue of the baggage which Could not be taken on horses.    we had everry thing imedeately taken above the falls,   in the mean time purchased 2 Dogs on which the party dined—    whilst I remained at the Enesher Village I Subsisted on 2 platters of roots, Some pounded fish and Sun flour Seed pounded which an old man had the politeness to give me.    in return for which I gave him Several Small articles—.

Capt Lewis informed me that imedeately after I left him the nativs began to Steal and had Stolen Tomahawks of the party, and in the Course of the night had let [their] our horses loose    he had burnt one and Sold 2 of the largest Canoes for beeds, the other 2 brought on.    an indian was detected in Stealing a socket and was kicked out of Camp. Capt L. informed the Indians that the next man who attempted to steal Should be Shot and thretened them and informed them that he could kill them in a moment and Set their town on fire if he pleased.    but it was not his desire to hurt them Severly if they would let the property of the party alone.    the Chiefs hung their heads and Said nothing.    he lost the horse that was given for a large kittle, and a Chopunnish man lent a horse to carry a load and accompanied the party—    The man who we had reason to believe had Stolen the horse he had given for the Kittle we thretened a little and he produced a very good horse in the place of that one which we Chearfully receved.

after dinner we proceeded on about 4 Miles to a Village of 9 Mat Lodges of the Enesher, a little below the enterance of To war nah hi ooks river and encamped:    one of the Canoes joined us, the other not haveing observed us halt continued on. We obtained 2 Dogs and a Small quantity of fuel of those people for which we were obliged to give a higher price than usial.    our guide continued with us, he appears to be an honest fellow.    he tels us that the indians above will treat us with much more hospitallity than those we are now with.    we purchased another horse this evening but his back is in Such a horrid State that we Can put but little on him; we obtained him for a triffle, at least for articles which might be precured in the U. States for 10/—virga. Currency—    we took the precaution of picqueting and Spancelling our horses this evening near our Camp.    the evening Cold and we Could afford only one fire.

The Party is at the foot of Celilo Falls finally and finding out how difficult the local natives can be in regards to bartering for not only horses, but firewood and dogs as well.  Then, keeping those horses they've managed to obtain, from being stolen back, or just staying picketed overnight.  We'll hope the Indians above the fall will be as friendly as their reputation and that the party can finally be fully supplied with horses.

April 20th Sunday, 1806

[Lewis] some frost this morning. The Enesher an Skillutes are much better clad than they were last fall, there men have generally legings mockersons and large robes; many of them wear shirts of the same form with those of the Shoshone Chopunnish &c highly ornamented with porcupine quills.    the dress of their women differs very little from those of the great rapids and above.    their children frequently wear robes of the large grey squirrel skins, those of the men and women are principally deer skins, some wolf,  elk, bighorn and buffaloe; the latter they procure from the nations who sometimes visit the Missouri.    indeed a considerable proportion of their wearing apparel is purchased from their neighbours to the N. W. in exchange for pounded fish copper and beads.    at present the principal village of the Eneshur is below the falls on the N. side of the river.    one other village is above the falls on the S. side and another a few miles above on the N. side.    the first consists of 19, the 2cd of 11, and the 3rd of 5 lodges.    their houses like those of the Skillutes have their floors on the surface of the ground, but are formed of sticks and covered with mats and straw.    they are large and contain usually several families each.   for fuel they use straw, small willows and the southern wood.   they use the silk grass in manufacturing their fishing nets and bags, the bear grass and cedar bark are employed in forming a variety of articles.    they are poor, dirty, proud, haughty, inhospitable, parsimonious and faithless in every rispect, nothing but our numbers I beleive prevents their attempting to murder us at this moment.—

This morning I was informed that the natives had pilfered six tomahawks and a knife from the party in the course of the last night. I spoke to the cheif on this subject.    he appeared angry with his people and addressed them but the property was not restored.    one horse which I had purchased and paid for yesterday and which could not be found when I ordered the horses into close confinement yesterday I was now informed had been gambled away by the rascal who had sold it to me and had been taken away by a man of another nation. I therefore took the goods back from this fellow. I purchased a gun from the cheif for which I gave him 2 Elkskins.    in the course of the day I obtained two other indifferent horses for which I gave an extravigant price. I found that I should get no more horses and therefore resolved to proceed tomorrow morning with those which I had and to convey the baggage in two small canoes that the horses could not carry.    for his purpose I had a load made up for seven horses, the eighth Bratton was compelled to ride as he was yet unable to walk. I barted my Elksins old irons   and 2 canoes for beads.    one of the canoes for which they would give us but little I had cut up for fuel. These people have yet a large quantity of dryed fish on hand yet they will not let us have any but for an exorbitant price.    we purchased two dogs and some shappellel from them. I had the horses graized untill evening and then picquited and hubbled within the limited of our camp. I ordered the indians from our camp this evening and informed them that if I caught them attempting to perloin any article from us I would beat them severely.    they went off in reather a bad humour and I directed the party to examine their arms and be on their guard.    they stole two spoons from us in the course of the day. The Scaddals, Squan-nan-os, Shan-wah-pums and Shallattas  reside to the N. W. of these people, depend on hunting deer and Elk and trade with these people for their pounded fish.

Things in general seem a bit on the chaotic side with our group--split up and being pilfered by the natives and still short of horses.   The "southern wood" Lewis mentions is actually sagebrush and all in all fuel for  cooking and warmth appears to be very scarce what with some of their canoes being turned into firewood.

April 19th Saturday, 1806

[Clark] We deturmined to make the portage to the head of the long narrows with our baggage and 5 Small Canoes, the 2 large Canoes we Could take no further and therefore Cut them up for fuel.    we had our Small Canoes drawn up very early and employed all hands in transporting our baggage on their backs and by means of 4 pack horses, over the portage. This labour we had accomplished by 3 P. M. and established our Camp a little above the present Skillute village which has been removed as before observed a fiew hundred yards lower down the river than when we passed it last fall. I left Capt L. at the bason and proceeded to the village early this morning with a view to recive the horses which were promised to be brought this morning for articles laid by last evining.    in the Course of this day I purchased four horses at the Village, and Capt Lewis one at the bason before he left it.    after the baggage was all Safely landed above the portage, all hands brought over the Canoes at 2 lodes which was accomplished by 5 P. M.    as we had not a Sufficiency of horses to transport our baggage  we agreed that I should proceed on to the Enesher villages at the great falls of the Columbia and if possible purchase as maney horses as would transport the baggage from that place, and rid us of the trouble and dificuelty of takeing our Canoes further. I set out with Serjt Pryor, Geo Shannon Peter Crusat & Labiech at half past 5 P. M. for the Enesher Village  at which place I arrived at 8 P. M. Several Showers of rain in the after part of to day, and the S W wind very high.    there was great joy with the nativs last night in consequence of the arrival of the Salmon; one of those fish was cought, this was the harbenger of good news to them. They informed us that those fish would arive in great quantities in the Course of about 5 days.    this fish was dressed and being divided into Small pieces was given to each Child in the village.    this Custom is founded on a Supersticious opinion that it will hasten the arrival of the Salmon.

we were oblige to dispence with two of our kittles in order to acquire two of the horses purchasd. to day.    we have now only one Small kittle to a mess of 8 men. These people are very fathless in Contracts; they frequently reive the merchindize in exchange for their horses and after Some hours insist on Some additional article being given them or revoke the exchange.

The long narrows are much more formadable than they were when we decended them last fall, there would be no possibility of passing either up or down them in any vessel at this time.

I entered the largest house of the Eneeshers village in which I found all the enhabitents in bead.    they rose and made a light of Straw, they haveing no wood to burn.    many men Collected.    we Smoked and I informed them that I had come to purchase a fiew horses of them.    they promused to Sell me Some in the morning.

Obtaining more horses is now an absolute necessity.  The great falls, which was so difficult last November, is now impossible.  The Captains will undoubtedly have to give more of the things they would rather keep and use, in order to procure the extra horses.

April 18th Friday, 1806

[Clark]   early this morning I was awoke by a Indian from the nieghbourhood of our horses, he had he arived here yesterday & this morning found a Small bag of powder and ball which had been left when we exposed our goods yesterday and brought it to me. I had a fire made out and exposed the articles &c. Several Indians Came having increased the articles for each horse, and Sent out 2 men to hunt the horses bought yesterday. after Colecting them Sent Shabono and Frazer with the 4 I had purchased down to Capt Lewis.    and was tanterlised with the expectation of purchaseing more imediately. Great numbers of the Indians from the falls and both above and below.    none of them appeared anxious to part with their horses but told me that Several were Comeing from the plains about 1 or 2 P M. and laid by 2 parcels of merchindize and told me that they had Sent for their horses.    among other Tribes was those of the Skad-datts  who bantered the Skillutes to play with them at a Singular Kind of game  which was Soon Made up and 9 of a side Sat down    they were Some time making up their bets of Beeds, brass thimbles or tubes robes &c. &c.    when the bets were all made up the nine on each Side took opposides faceing each other at the distance of about 12 feet.    in front of each party was placed a long pole on which they Struck with a Stick and Sung.    they made use of 2 Small pices of bone in this form  and Size    a bone of was given to 2 men of the Same party who changed it from side hand to hand with great dexterity one hand above the other looking down, and when he was ready for the opposit party to guess he Seperated his hands Swinging them around the breast looking at the opposit party who waved their hand to the Side the bone was in.    if the opposit party guessed the hand of each man the bone was given to them.    if not neither it was nothing.    if they guessed one which they might single out if they pleased they recived his bone, and won or lost on the other as they hapened to fail in guessing    the also lose one if they fail guessing both The game is plaid at different numbers & each party has 5 sticks. Several of those games were played to day in which the Skillute won, indeed the won all the beeds and Som robes of the Skad datts which they [word unclear]    one other game  which they also played [word illegible] 2 by men with 4 Sticks.    2 black & 2 White under a kind of hat made of bark.    as this is a very intrecut game I cannot describe it:    the one who holds the Sticks places them in different positions, and the opposit party, guess the position of the black Sticks by a motion of either one or both of the hands.    each man has 4 Sticks.    this as also the other is accompanied with a kind of Song. This hat is about 12 inches diamuter and the Sticks about 5 inches long—.    at 3 P M Sergt Ordway arived with 3 men from Capt Lewis with elk skins and Some fiew articles Such as a Coat & robes. I had 3 dogs purchased, Soon after Capt. Lewis Came up with J. Fields    he had assended the river with much dificuelty to the bason 2 Miles below. I left Drewyer, Warner, Shannon & Goodrich with the articles and went down with Capt Lewis to the bason, Cut up 2 of our canoes for fire wood no horses more    maney nations resort here for trade

Well, Clark has some success and at this point owns 4 head of horses and has good prospects for buying enough to allow leaving the river travel.  I guess his apparent interest in the Indians hand games didn't go so far as trying to obtain more horses with it and, their still buying and eating dogs.        

April 17th Thursday, 1806

[Lewis] This morning early I sent out the hunters, and set several additional hands about the packsaddles. I find that the sturgeon is not taken by any of the natives above the Columbean vally.    the inhabitants of the rapids at this time take a few of the white salmon trout and considerable quantities of a small indifferent mullet on which they principally subsist. I have seen none except dryed fish of the last season in the possession of the people above that place, they subsist on roots principally with some dryed and pounded fish.    the salmon not having made their appearance proves a serious inconvenience to us.    but few of the natives visited my camp today and those only remained a few hours.    even at this place which is merely on the border of the plains of Columbia the climate seems to have changed the air feels dryer and more pure.    the earth is dry and seems as if there had been no rain for a week or ten days.    the plain is covered with a rich virdure of grass and herbs from four to nine inches high and exhibits a beautifull seen particularly pleasing after having been so long imprisoned in mountains and those almost impenetrably thick forrests of the seacoast. Joseph Feilds brought me today three eggs of the party coloured corvus,   they are about the size and shape of those of the pigeon.    they are bluish white much freckled with dark redish brown irregular spots, in short it is reather a mixture of those colours in which the redish brwn predominates, particularly towards the larger end.—    This evening Willard and Cruzatte returned from Capt. Clark and brought me a note in which Capt. C. informed me that he had sill been unsuccessfull having not obtained a single horse as yet from the natives and the state of our stores are so low that I begin to fear we shall not be enabled to obtain as many horses at this place as will convey our baggage and unless we do obtain a sufficient number for that purpose we shall not hasten our progress as a part of our baggage must still be conveyed by water. Capt. C. informed me that he should proceed as far as the Eneshur village today and would return tomorrow and join me at the Skillute village to which place I mean to proceed with the party tomorrow. I dispatched Shannon with a note to Capt. Clark in which I requested him to double the price we have heretofore offered for horses and if possible obtain as many as five, by this means we shall be enabled to proceed immediately with our small canoes and those horses to the villages in the neighbourhood of the mussel shell rapid  where horses are more abundant and cheaper; with the remainder of our merchandize in addition to the canoes we can no doubt obtain as many horses there as will answer our purposes.    delay in the villages at the narrows and falls will be expensive to us inasmuch as we will be compelled to purchase both fuel and food of the indians, and might the better enable them to execute any hostile desighn should they meditate any against us.—    all the hunters returned in the evening. Sheilds had killed one deer which he brought with him.    the packsaddles were completed this evening. I had some Elkskins put in the water today make harnes for the packhorses but shall not cut them untill I know the number we can obtain.—    there is a species of hiasinth  in these plains the bulb of which the natives eat either boiled baked or dryed in the sun.    this bulb is white, not entirely solid, and of a flat form; the bulb of the present year overlays, or crowns that of the last, and seems to be pressed close to it, the old bulb is withered much thiner and equally wide with that of the present year and sends fourth from it's sides a number of small radicles.—    this hiasinth is of a pale blue colour and is a very pretty flower. I preserved a specemine of it.

Clark finds the horse prices are pretty dear but still keeps working on various native horseowners. Meanwhile Lewis thoroughly enjoys the enviroment around present day The Dallas and the hunters have limited success.

April 16th Wednesday, 1806

[Clark] about 8 oClock this morning I passed the river with the two interpreters, and nine men in order to trade with the nativs for their horses, for which purpose I took with me a good part of our Stock of merchindize. Capt L. Sent out the hunters and Set Several men at work makeing pack Saddles.    twelve horses will be Sufficient to trans port our baggage and Some pounded fish with our dried Elk.    which we intend takeing with us as a reserved Store for the Plains & rocky mountains. I formed a Camp on the N. Side  and Sent Drewyer & Goodrich to the Skillute Village, and Shabono & Frazer down to the Wishram Villages with derections to inform the nativs that I had Crossed the river for the purpose of purchaseing horses, and if they had horses to Sell us to bring them to my Camp. Great numbers of Indians came from both Villages and delayed the greater part of the day without tradeing a Single horse. Drewyer returned with the principal Chief of the Skillutes who was lame and Could not walk.    after his arival Some horses were offered for Sale, but they asked nearly half the merchindize I had with me for one horse.    this price I could not think of giveing.    the Chief informed me if I would go to his town with him, his people would Sell me horses. I therefore Concluded to accompany him to his Village 7 miles distant.     we Set out and arrived at the Village at Sunset.    after Some Serimony I entered the house of the Chief. I then informed them that I would trade with them for their horses in the morning for which I would give for each horse the articles which I had offered yestered. The Chief Set before me a large platter of Onions which had been Sweeted. I gave a part of those onions to all my party and we all eate of them, in this State the root is very Sweet and the tops tender.    the nativs requested the party to dance which they were readily consented and Peter Cruzat played on the Violin and the men danced Several dances & retired to rest in the houses of the 1st and Second Cheif.

this village is moved about 300 yards below the Spot it Stood last fall at the time we passed down.    they were all above grown and built in the Same form of those below already discribed. We observed maney stacks of fish remaining untouched on either Side of the river. The Inhabitents of this Village ware the robe of deer Elk Goat &c. and maney most of the men ware Legins and mockersons and Shirts highly ornimented with Porcupine quills & beeds.    the women were the Truss most Commonly.    tho Some of them have long Shirts    all of those articles they precure from other nations who visit them for the purpose of exchangeing those articles for their pounded fish of which they prepare great quantities. This is the Great Mart of all this Country.    ten different tribes who reside on Taptate   and Catteract River visit those people for the purpose of purchaseing their fish, and the Indians on the Columbia and Lewis's river quite to the Chopunnish Nation Visit them for the purpose of tradeing horses buffalow robes for beeds, and Such articles as they have not. The Skillutes precure the most of their Cloth knivs axes & beeds from the Indians from the North of them who trade with white people who come into the inlets to the North at no great distance from the Tapteet.    their horses of which I saw great numbers, they precure from the Indians who reside on the banks of the Columbia above, and what fiew they take from the To war ne hi ooks or Snake Indians. I smoked with all the principal men of this nation in the house of their great Cheif and lay my Self down on a Mat to Sleep but was prevented by the mice   and vermin with which this house abounded and which was very troublesom to me.

The Captains are determined to quit the canoes and get enough horses to carry baggage and leave the Columbia behind.  Their location proves to be one of the greatest trading area's in the whole Northwest, The Dalles-Celilo Falls area, where the local Indians trapped and processed the great fish in enormous amounts.

April 15th Tuesday, 1806

[Lewis] We delayed this morning untill after breakfast in order to purchase some horses of the Indians; accordingly we exposed some articles in exchange for horses    the natives were unwilling to barter, we therefore put up our merchandize and at 8 A. M. we set out.    we halted a few minutes at the sepulchre rock, and examined the deposits of the ded at that place.    these were constructed in the same manner of those already discribed below the rapids.    some of them were more than half filled with dead bodies.    there were thirteen sepulchres on this rock which stands near the center of the river and has a surface of about 2 acres above high-water mark.—    from hence we returned to the nothern shore and continued up it about four miles to another village of the same nation with whom we remained last night.     here we halted and informed the natives of our wish to purchase horses; the produced us several for sale but would not take the articles which we had in exchange for them.    they wanted an instrument which the Northwest traders call an eye-dag [NB: a sort of war hatchet]  which we had not.    we procured two dogs of them and departed.    a little below the entrance of Cataract river we halted at another village of the same people, at which we were equally unsuccessfull in the purchase of horses.    we also halted at the two villages of the Chilluckkittequaws a few miles above  with no better success.    at three in the evening we arrived at the entrance of Quinnette creek  which we ascended a short distance and encamped at the place we have called rockfort camp.    here we were visited by some of the people from the villages at the great narrows and falls.    we informed them of our wish to purchase horses, & agreed to meet them on the opposite or North side of the river tomorrow for the purpose of bartering with them.    most of them returned to their villages this evening three only remained with us all night.    these people are much better clad than any of the nations below; their men have generally leging mockersons and large robes, many of them wear shirts of the same form those of the Chopunnish and Shoshonees highly ornamented with the quills of the porcupine as are also their mockersons and legings.    they conceal the parts of generation with the skin of a fox or some other small animal drawn underneath a girdle and hanging loosly in front of them like a narrow apron.    the dress of their women differs very little from those about the rapids.    both men and women cut their hair in the forehead which comes down as low as the eyebrows, they have long earlocks cut square at the end.    the other part of their hair is dressed in the same manner as those of the rapids. after we landed and formed our camp this evening Drewyer and some others took a hunt and killed a deer of the longtailed kind.    it was a buck and the young horns had shot fourth about 2 inches.—

We're not informed what stirred their interest in procuring horses, one would guess that having an available meat supply was high on the list.  Strange that the local natives seem more prosperous and better dressed than the coastal indians. Perhaps a better climate, one without daily rain in winter, might have something to do with it.

April 14th Monday, 1806

[Lewis] This morning at seven oCk. we were joined by Sergt. Pryor and the three hunters    they brought with them 4 deer which Drewyer had killed yesterday.    we took breakfast and departed.    at 9 A. M. the wind arrose and continued hard all day but not so violent as to prevent our proceeding.    we kept close along the N. shore all day.    the river from the rapids as high as the commencement of the narrows is from ½ to ¾ of a mile in width, and possesses scarcely any current.    the bed is principally rock except at the entrance of Labuish's river which heads in Mount hood and like the quicksand river brings down from thence vast bodies of sand.    the mountains through which the river pases nearly to the sepulchre rock,  are high broken, rocky, partially covered with fir white cedar, and in many places exhibit very romantic seenes.    some handsome cascades are seen on either hand tumbling from the stupendious rocks of the mountains into the river.    near the border of the river I observed today the long leafed pine.    this pine increases in quantity as you ascend the river and about the sepulchre rock where the lower country commnces it superceedes the fir altogether.    throughout the whole course of this river from the rapids as high as the Chilluckkittequaws, we find the trunks of many large pine trees sanding erect as they grew at present in 30 feet water; they are much doated  and none of them vegetating; at the lowest tide of the river many of these trees are in ten feet water.    certain it is that those large pine trees never grew in that position, nor can I account for this phenomenon except it be that the passage of the river through the narrow pass at the rapids has been obstructed by the rocks which have fallen from the hills into that channel within the last 20 years; the appearance of the hills at that place justify this opinion, they appear constantly to be falling in, and the apparent state of the decayed trees would seem to fix the era of their decline about the time mentioned.    at 1 P. M. we arrived at a large village situated in a narrow bottom on the N. side a little above the entrance of canoe creek.   their houses are reather detatched and extent for several miles.    they are about 20 in number. These people call themselves We-ock-sock, Wil-la-cum.    they differ but litte in appeance dress &c. from those of the rapids.    Their men have some leging and mockersons among them. these are in the stile of Chopunnish.    they have some good horses of which we saw ten or a douzen.    these are the fist horses we have met with since we left this neighbourhood last fall, in short the country below this place will not permit the uce of this valuable animal except in the Columbian vally and there the present inhabitants have no uce for them as they reside immediately on the river and the country is too thickly timbered to admit them to run the game with horses if they had them.    we halted at this village and dined.    purchased five dogs [one word erased] some roots, shappalell, filberds and dryed burries of the inhabitants.    here I observed several habitations entirely under grownd; they were sunk about 8 feet deep and covered with strong timber and several feet of earth in a conic form.    these habitations were evacuated at present.    they are about 16 feet in diameter, nearly circular, and are entered through a hole at the top which appears to answer the double purpose of a chimney and a door.    from this entrance you decend to the floor by a ladder.    the present habitations of these people were on the surface of the ground and do not differ from those of the tribes of the rapids.    their language is the same with that of the Chilluckkittesquaws.    these people appeared very friendly.    some of them informed us that they had lately returned from a war excurtion against the snake indians who inhabit the upper part of the Multnomah river to the S. E. of them.    they call them To-wan-nah'-hi'-ooks.     that they had been fortunate in their expedition and had taken from their enimies most of the horses which we saw in their possession.    after dinner we pursued our voyage; Capt. Clark walked on shore with Charbono. I ascended the river about six miles at which place the river washed the base of high clifts on the Lard. side, here we halted a few minutes and were joined by Capt. C. and Charbono and proceeded on to the entrance of a small run on N. side a little below a large village on the same side opposite the sepulchre rock.    this village can raise about an hundred fighting men they call themselves [NB: Smack-shops.]     they do not differ in any rispect from the village below.    many of them visited our camp this evening and remained with us untill we went to bed.    they then left us and retired to their quarters.—

Lewis appears to have the correct explanation of the big, rotted "doted", pine tree trunks standing in 15 feet of water.  This was the "Cascade Land Slide" occuring many years prior on the Washington side and created the dangerous rapids the Party navigated in the past several days.  They're now starting into the rain shadow of the Cascade Mountains and the drier climate makes the long leaf "Yellow" pine tree the most common.  Natives are very friendly and have horses, which Lewis figures would be rather useless in the heavily timbered country west of the Cascades.

April 13th Sunday, 1806

[Clark]    The loss of one of our large Canoes rendered it necessary to divide the loading and men of that Canoe between the remaining four, which was done and we loaded and Set out at 8 oClock A. M.    passed the village imediately above the rapids, where only one house remains entire the other 8 haveing been taken down and moved to the opposit Side of the Columbia as already mentioned.    the additional men and baggage in each Canoe renders them Crouded and unsafe. Capt. Lewis with 2 of the Smallest Canoes of Sergt. Pryor & gibson and Crossed above the Rapids to the Village on the S E Side with a view to purchase a Canoe of the nativs if possible.    he took with him Some Cloth and a fiew Elk skins and Deer Skins. I with the two large Canoes proceeded on up the N. W. Side with the intention of gitting to the Encampment of our hunters who was derected to hunt in the bottom above Crusats River, and there wait the arrival of Capt. Lewis. I proceeded on to the bottom in which I expected to find the hunters but Could See nothing of them.    the wind rose and raised the wavs to Such a hight that I could not proceed any further.    we landed and I sent out Shields and Colter to hunt; Shields Shot two deer but Could get neither of them. I walkd. to Crusats river and up it ½ a mile    on my return to the party found that the wind had lulled and as we Could See nothing of our hunters. I deturmined to proceed on to the next bottom where I thought it probable they had halted    at ½ passed 2 P M Set out and proceeded on to the bottom 6 miles and halted    at the next bottom formed a Camp and Sent out all the hunters. I also walked out my self on the hills but saw nothing.    on my return found Capt. Lewis at Camp with two canoes which he had purchased at the Y-ep-huh village for two robes and four elkskins.    he also purchased 4 paddles and  three Dogs from the nativs with deer Skins.    the dogs now constitutes a considerable part of our Subsistance & with most of the party has become a favourable food. Certain I am that is a helthy Strong diet, and derected Serjt. ordway to take the 2 Small Canoes purchased by Capt. Lewis for his mess and the loading he had in his Canoe which we lost yesterday, and drawed up and paid with rozin

Well, Lewis replaces the lost canoe with two of the natives and at a seemingly reasonable price.  Hunting proves to still be difficult and dog meat meets with a general approval.  They're now getting set for some better traveling upriver.

April 12th Saturday, 1806

[Lewis] It rained the greater part of last night and still continued to rain this morning.    I therefore determined to take up the remaining perogue this morning for which purpose I took with me every man that could be of any service.    a small distance above our camp there is one of the most difficult parts of the rapid.    at this place the current sets with great violence against a projecting rock.    in hawling the perogue arround this point the bow unfortunately took the current at too great a distance from the rock, she turned her side to the stream and the utmost exertions of all the party were unable to resist the forse with which she was driven by the current, they were compelled to let loose the cord and of course both perogue and cord went a drift with the stream.    the loss of this perogue will I fear compell us to purchase one or more canoes of the indians at an extravegant price.    after breakfast all hands were employed in taking our baggage over the portage.    we caused all the men who had short rifles to carry them,  in order to be prepared for the natives should they make any attempts to rob or injure them. I went up to the head of the rapids and left Capt. C. below.    during the day I obtained a vocabulary of the language of the War-clel-lars &c. I found that their numbers were precisely those of the Chinnooks but the other parts of their language essentially different.     by 5 P. M. we had brought up all our baggage and Capt. C. joined me from the lower camp with the Clahclellah cheif. there is an old village  situated about halfway on the portage road  the fraim of the houses, which are remarkably large one 160 by 45 feet, remain almost entire.    the covering of the houses appears to have been sunk in a pond back of the village.    this the chief informed us was the residence occasionally of his tribe.    these houses are fraimed in the usual manner but consist of a double set as if oune house had been built within the other.    the floors are on a level with the ground.    the naives did not croud about us in such numbers today as yesterday, and behaved themselves much better; no doubt the precautions which they observed us take had a good effect. I employed sergt. Pryor the greater part of the day in reparing and corking the perogue and canoes.    it continued to rain by showers all day.    about 20 of the Y-eh-huhs remained with me the greater part of the day and departed in the evening.    they conducted themselves with much propryety and contemned the conduct of their relations towards us. We purchased one sheepskin for which we gave the skin of an Elk and one of a deer.    this animal was killed by the man who sold us the skin near this place; he informed us that they were abundant among the mountains and usually resorted the rocky parts.    the big horned animal  is also an inhabitant of these mountains. I saw several robes of their skins among the natives.— as the evening was rainy cold and far advanced and ourselves wet we determined to remain all night.    the mountains are high steep and rocky. the rock is principally black.    they are covered with fir of several speceis and the white cedar.     near the river we find the Cottonwood, sweet willow, broad leafed ash, a species of maple,   the purple haw,  a small speceis of cherry;  purple currant,   goosberry,  red willow, vining and white burry honeysuckle,  huckkle burry, sacacommis, two speceis of mountain holley,  & common ash.    for the three last days this inclusive we have made only 7 miles.—

Their good luck wavered a bit with the loss of a large canoe which will further streatch their limited trade goods.  Their progress must seem pretty slow, considering their first days out on the homeward stretch. Lewis comments on the mountain sheep and they trade for some sheepskins.

April 11th Friday, 1806

[Clark] rained the greater part of the last night and continued to rain this morning, as the Skins and the Covering of both the mend and loading were wet we determined to take the Canoes over first in hopes that by the evening the rain would Sease and afford us a fair afternoon to Carry our baggage over the portage which is 2 miles by land and a Slipery road. I therefore took all the men except three who had Sore feet and two to cook, and who were with the baggage; and with great dificuelty and much fatigue we drew up 4 of our canoes above the Rapids 3 miles in extent.    the men became So fatigued that we deturmined to puspone takeing the 5th Canoe untill tomorrow. Those rapids are much worse than they were at the time we passed last fall    at that time there was only three bad places in the distance of 7 miles.    at this time the whole distance is a rapid and dificuelt of assent; and would be very dangerous at this Stage of the water (which is [blank] feet higher than when we passed down) to decent in any kind of Craft. Great numbers of the nativs visited us and viewed us from the banks as we passed on with the Canoes, maney of those people were also about our baggage and on the portage road.    two of those fellows insulted John Shields who had delayed in purchaseing a dog at the upper part of the rapids and was Some distance behind myself and the party on our return to camp.    they attempted to take his dog and push him out of the road.    he had nothing to defend himself except a large knife which he drew with a full deturmination to put one of them to death before he had an oppertunity of dischargeing his arrow.    the nativs obseveing his motion ran off.    one other Indn. Stold an ax and was not in possession before he was detected by Thompson and the ax taken from him.    one other fellow attempted to Steal Capt. Lewis's dog, and had decoyed him nearly half a mile    we were informed of it by a man who Spoke the Clatsop language and imediately Sent three men with their guns who over took the Indians, who on their approach ran off and lift the dog—    we informed the nativ's by Signs that if the indians insulted our men or Stold our property we Should Certainly put them to death    a Cheif of the Clah-clal-lahs  Tribe informed us that there was two very bad men who had been guilty of those mischevious acts.    that it was not the wish of their tribe that any thing should be done which might displese the white people.    this Chief had a large fine pipe tomahawk which he informed me he got from a Trader he called Swippeton. I exchanged tomahawks with this Chief, and as he appeared to be a man of consideration among the tribes of this neighbourhood and much conserned for the ingiries offered us, we gave him a Medal of the Small Size which appeard. to please him verry much; and will I hope have a favourable tendincy, in as much as it will attach him to our interest, and he probably will harang his people in our favour, which may prevent any acts of violence being Commited, on either Side.    nothing but the Strength of our party has prevented our being robed before this time. Sent Drewyer & 2 Fields on a head to hunt. The inhabitents of the Wy-ach-hich Tribe Village  imediately above those rapids on the N W. Side have latterly moved their village to the opposit Side of the river, where they take their Salmon; they are now in the act of removeing and not only take their furniture and effects but also the bark and most of the boards which formed their houses. Those like the tribes below Sometimes Sink their houses in the earth, and at other times have their flowrs leavil with the Surface of the earth; they are Generally built of boards and Covered with bark.    those which appear intended for temporary use are most generally built of the red White Cedar bark. Most of those have a division in the houses near the enterance which is at the end, or in the event of it's being a double house is from the center of a narrow passage. Several families enhabit one appartment.    the women of those people as well as those in the 3 villages below pierce the cartilage of the nose in which they ware Various orniments.    in other respects they do not deffer from those of the Dimond Island.    tho' most of the women brad their hair which hangs in two tresses, one hanging over each ear. The yound men of all those tribes ware their hair plated, in two plats anging over each Sholder, maney of them also Cew their hair with otter Skin divided on the crown of the head and hanging over each ear.    to day I recognised a man of the Elute nation who reside at the great Long narrows, he was on his return from a tradeing voyage to the Columbian Vally with 10 or 12 of his tribe.    maney others from the villages above this were takeing their roots &c. over the portage to day on their return home.

vegitation is rapidly progressing. Sarvis berry,   Sackacommis and the large leafed ash  is in blume.    also fir N. [blank] in bloom

Our Group finds moving upstream against the Columbia in spring to be a tiresome task.  Besides the portage someone has to guard the baggage against the pilfering natives. Altogether a really harried day but good luck seems to hold, despite all the scuffles with the Indians.

April 10th Thursday, 1806

[Lewis] We set out early and droped down the channel to the lower end of brant Island from whence we drew them up the rapid by a cord about a quarter of a mile which we soon performed; Collins and Gibson not having yet come over we directed Sergt. Pryor to remain with the cord on the Island untill Gibson arrived and assist him with his crew in geting his canoe up the rapid, when they were to join us on the oposite side at a small village of six houses of the Clah-clah'lahs where we halted for breakfast.  in passing the river which is here about 400 yds. wide the rapidity of the currant was such that it boar us down a considerable distance notwithstanding we employed five oars.    on entering one of these lodges, the natives offered us a sheepskin for sail,  than which nothing could have been more acceptable except the animal itself.    the skin of the head of the sheep with the horns remaining was cased in such manner as to fit the head of a man by whom it was woarn and highly prized as an ornament.    we obtained this cap in exchange for a knife, and were compelled to give two Elkskins in exchange for the skin.    this appeared to be the skin of a sheep not fully grown; the horns were about four inches long, celindric, smooth, black, erect and pointed; they rise from the middle of the forehead a little above the eyes.    they offered us a second skin of a full grown sheep which was quite as large as that of a common deer.    they discovered our anxity to purchase and in order to extort a great plrice declared that they prized it too much to dispose of it.    in expectation of finding some others of a similar kind for sale among the natives of this neighbourhood I would not offer him a greater price than had been given for the other which he refused.    these people informed us that these sheep were found in great abundance on the hights and among the clifts of the adjacent mountains.    and that they had lately killed these two from a herd of 36, at no great distance from their village.    we could obtain no provision from those people except four white salmon trout.    at ten oclock Sergt. Pryor and Gibson joined us with Collins who had killed 3 deer.    these were all of the blacktailed fallow kind.    we set out and continued our rout up the N. side of the river with great difficulty in consequence of the rapidity of the current and the large rocks which form this shore; the South side of the river is impassable.    as we had but one sufficient toerope and were obliged to employ the cord in geting on our canoes the greater part of the way we could only take them one at a time which retarded our progress very much.    by evening we arrived at the portage on the North side where we landed and conveyed our bagage to the top of the hill about 200 paces distant where we formed a camp.    we had the canoes drawn on shore and secured.    the small canoe got loose from the hunters and went a drift with a tin vessel and tommahawk in her; the Indians caught her at the last village and brought her up to us this evening for which service we gave them a couple of knives; the canoe overset and lost the articles which were in her.—    Saw the white pine at this place.

Bonneville Dam now backs the Columbia up over all of the area the Party occupies this day.  It was called the Cascades of the Columbia.  The prized sheep hide Lewis trades for is actually from the Mountain Goat.  The Party badly needs some additional rope for all the portages they're just entering.

April 9th Wednesday, 1806

[Lewis] This morning early we commenced the operation of reloading our canoes; at 7 A. M. we departed and proceeded on to the Camp of Reubin and Joseph Fields    they had not killed any game; we made no halt at this place but continued our rout to the Wah-clel-lah Village  which is situated on the North side of the river about a mile below the beacon rock; here we halted and took breakfast. John Colter one of our party observed the tomehawk in one of the lodges which had been stolen from us on the 4th of November last as we decended this river; the natives attempted to wrest the tomahawk from him but he retained it.    they indeavoured afterwards to exculpate themselves from the odium of having stolen it, they alledged that they had bought it from the natives below; but their neighbours had several days previously, informed us that these people had stolen the Tommehawk and then had it at their village.    this village appears to be the winter station of the Wah-clel-lahs and Clahclellars,   the greater part of the former have lately removed to the falls of the Multnomah, and the latter have established themselves a few miles above on the North side of the river opposite the lower point of brant island,  being the commencement of the rapids, here they also take their salmon; they are now in the act of removing, and not only take with them their furniture and effects but also the bark and most of the boards which formed their houses.    14 houses remain entire but are at this time but thinly inhabited, nine others appear to have been lately removed, and the traces of ten or twelve others of ancient date were to be seen in the rear of their present village.    they sometimes sink their houses in the earth, and at other times have their floors level with the surface of the earth; they are generally built with boards and covered with Cedar bark.    most of them have a devision in their houses near the entrance wich is at the end or in the event of it's bing a double house is from the center of a narrow passage.    several families inhabit one appartment.    the women of these people piece the cartelage of the nose in which they wear various ornaments in other rispects they do not differ from those in the neighbourhood of the Diamond island; tho' most of the women brad their hair which hanges in two tresses one hanging over each ear.    these people were very unfriendly, and seemed illy disposed had our numbers not detered them any acts of violence.    with some difficuly we obtained five dogs from them and a few wappetoe.    on our way to this village we passed several beautifull cascades which fell from a great hight over the stupendious rocks which cloles the river on both sides nearly, except a small bottom on the South side in which our hunters were encamped. the most remarkable of these casscades falls about 300 feet perpendicularly over a solid rock into a narrow bottom of the river on the south side.    it is a large creek, situated about 5 miles above our encampment of the last evening.    several small streams fall from a much greater hight, and in their decent become a perfect mist which collecting on the rocks below again become visible and decend a second time in the same manner before they reach the base of the rocks.    the hills have now become mountains high on each side are rocky steep and covered generally with fir and white cedar.    we saw some turkey buzzards  this morning of the speceis common to the United states which are the first we have seen on this side the rocky mountains.    during our halt at this village the grand Cheif and two inferior Cheifs of the Chil-luck-kit-te-quaw   nation arrived with several men and women of their nation in two large canoes.    these people were on their return up the river, having been on a trading voyage to the Columbean vally, and were loaded with wappetoe dryed anchovies, with some beads &c which they had received in exchange for dryed and pounded salmon shappelell beargrass &c.  These people had been very kind to us as we decended the river we therefore smoked with them and treated them with every attention.    at 2 P. M. we renewed our voyage; passed under the beacon rock on the north side, to the left of two small islands situated near the shore.    at four P.M. we arrived at the Clah-clel-lah village; here we found the natives busily engaged in erecting their new habitations, which appear to be reather of a temperary kind; it is most probable that they only reside here during the salmon season.    we purchased two dogs of these people who like those of the village blow were but sulky and illy disposed; they are great rogues and we are obliged to keep them at a proper distance from our baggage.    as we could not ascend the rapid by the North side of the river with our large canoes, we passed to the oposite side and entered the narrow channel which seperates brant Island from the South shore; the evening being far spent and the wind high raining and very cold we thought best not to attempt the rapids this evening, we therefore sought a safe harbour in this narrow channel and encamped on the main shore.  our small canoe with Drewyer and the two feildses was unable to pass the river with us in consequence of the waves they therefore toed her up along the N. side of the river and encamped opposite the upper point of brant Island.    after halting this evening I took a turn with my gun in order to kill a deer, but was unsuccessful. I saw much fresh sign.    the fir has been lately injured by a fire near this place and many of them have discharged considerable quantities of rozin.    we directed that Collins should hunt a few hours tomorrow morning and that Gibson and his crew should remain at his place untill we returned and employ themselves in collectng rozin which our canoes are now in want of.

The spectacular falls noted are either Multnomah or Horsetail Falls which are still just as impressive.  Hunting can still be disapointing, but at least they have a good supply of pitch for fixing the canoes' cracks.

April 8th Tuesday, 1806

[Clark] This morning about day light I heard a Considerable roreing like wind at a distance and in the Course of a Short time wavs rose very high which appeared to come across the river and in the Course of an hour became So high that we were obliged to unload the canoes, at 7 oClock A. M. the winds Suelded and blew So hard and raised the Waves So emensely high from the N. E and tossed our Canoes against the Shore in Such a manner as to render it necessary to haul them up on the bank.    finding from the appearance of the winds that it is probable that we may be detained all day, we Sent out Drewyer, Shannon Colter & Collins to hunt with derections to return if the Wind Should lul, if not to Continue the hunt all day except they killed Elk or bear Sooner &c.    we had the dried meat which was cured at our last encampment below exposed to the Sun. John Shields Cut out my Small rifle & brought hir to Shoot very well.    the party ows much to the injenuity of this man, by whome their guns are repared when they get out of order which is very often.

I observed an Indian Woman who visited us yesterday blind of an eye, and a man who was nearly blind of both eyes.    the loss of Sight I have observed to be more Common among all the nations inhabiting this river than among any people I ever observed.    they have almost invariably Sore eyes at all Stages of life.    the loss of an eye is very Common among them; blindness in persons of middle age is by no means uncommon, and it is almost invariably a concammitant of old age. I Know not to what cause to attribute this prevalent deficientcy of the eye except it be their exposure to the reflection of the Sun on the water to which they are constantly exposed in the Occupation of fishing.    about 1 P M Collins Shannon and Colter returned. Collins Saw 2 bear but could not get a Shot at them.    neither Shannon nor Colter Saw any thing worth Shooting. Soon after Drewyer returned haveing only a Summer Duck.    the Elk is gorn to the mountains as the hunters Suppose.    in the evening late an old man his Son & Grand Son and their Wives &c. Came down dureing the time the waves raged with great fury.    the wife of the Grand Son is a woman of differant appearance from any we have Seen on this river, [s]he has a very round head and pierceing black eyes. Soon after those people arived the Old man was detected in Stealing a Spoon and he was ordered away, at about 200 yards below our Camp they built themselves a fire and did not return to our fires after—.    The Wind Continued violently hard all day, and threw our Canoes with Such force against the Shore that one of them Split before we Could get it out.

A big wind causes waves high enough to give the Party an extra day of vacation from their upstream voyage.  Hunters are unsuccessful with only a summer (wood) duck killed.  Clark writes of the apparently common eye problems of the natives.

April 7th Monday, 1806

[Clark] This morning Drewyer & the two Fields Set out agreeably to their orders of last evening, the remainder of the party employed in drying the flesh of the five Elk killed by Shannon yesterday.    which was completed and we had it Secured in dried Shaved Elk Skins and put on board in readiness for our early departure.    we were visited by Several parties of Indians from a Village about 12 miles above us of the Sahhalah nation.    one of them was detected in Stealing a piece of Lead. I Sent him off imedeately. I hope now we have a Sufficient Stock of dryed meat to Serve us as far as the Chopunnish provided we can obtain a fiew dogs, horses and roots by the way.    in the neighbourhood of the Chopunnish under the Rocky Mountains we can precure a fiew deer, and perhaps a Bear or two for the Mountains.

The day has been fair and weather exceedingly pleasent.    we made our men exersise themselves in Shooting and regulateing their guns, found Several of them that had their Sights moved by accident, and others that wanted Some little alterations all which were compleated rectified in the Course of the day except my Small rifle, which I found wanted Cutting out.  about 4 oClock P M all the Indians left us, and returned to their Village.    they had brought with them Wappato, & pashequa roots Chapellel cakes,  and a Species of Raspberry for Sale, none of which they disposed of as they asked Such enormous prices for those articles that we were not able to purchase any. Drewyer returned down the river in the evening & informed us that the nativs had Sceared all the Elk from the river above. Joseph & reuben Fields had proceeded on further up the river in the canoe, he expected to the village.

I provaled on an old indian to mark the Multnomah R down on the Sand which hid and perfectly Corisponded with the Sketch given me by sundary others, with the addition of a circular mountain which passes this river at the falls and connects with the mountains of the Seacoast.    he also lais down the Clark a mos passing a high Conical Mountain near it's mouth on the lower Side and heads in Mount Jefferson which he lais down by raiseing the Sand as a very high mountain and Covered with eternal Snow.    the high mountain which this Indian lais down near the enterance of Clark a mos river, we have not Seen as the hills in it's direction from this vally is high and obscures the Sight of it from us. Mt Jefferson we Can plainly See from the enterance of Multnomah from which place it bears S. E.    this is a noble Mountain and I think equally as high or Something higher than Mt. St. Heleans but its distance being much greater than that of the latter, So great a portion of it does not appear above the range of mountains which lie between both those Stupendious Mountains and the Mouth of Multnomah.    like Mt. St. Heleans its figure is a regular Cone and is covered with eturnial Snow.    that the Clarkamos nation as also those at the falls of the Multnomah live principally on fish of which those Streams abound and also on roots which they precure on it's borders, they also Sometimes Come down to the Columbia in Serch of Wappato.    they build their houses in the Same form with those of the Columbian Vally of wide Split boads and Covered with bark of the White Cedar which is the entire length of the one Side of the roof and jut over at the eve about 18 inches.    at the distance of about 18 inches transvers Spinters of dried pine is inserted through the Ceder bark inorder to keep it Smooth and prevent it's edge from Colapsing by the heat of the Sun; in this manner the nativs make a very Secure light and lasting roof of this bark.    which we have observed in every Vilege in this Vally as well as those above.    this Indian also informed me the multnomah above the falls was Crouded with rapids and thickly inhabited by indians of the Cal-lah-po-é-wah Nation.    he informed he had himself been a long way up that river &c.

Their stock of dried elk has been filled out fairly well and they're about ready to resume their eastward travel.  Clark has everyone sight in their rifles and finds his own small bore lacking and needing the re-rifling of the barrel. John Shields has most of his rifle working tools stashed back in Montana, but is able to make Clark's small bore shoot again to his satisfaction.

April 6th Sunday, 1806

[Clark] Two Indians Came last night very late to our Camp and continued all night.    early we had all the meat packed up and our Canoes loaded ready for to Set out and after an early brackfast at which time all things were ready and we Set out and proceeded to the Camp of Gibson & party about 9 miles, they had killed 3 Elk at no great distance and Wounded two others so badly that we expect to precure them. Sent a party of Six men with Shannon who had killed the Elk to bring in the Elk, and formed a Camp, near which we had a Scaffold made ready to dry the meat as Soon as it Should arive. Reubin Field killed a bird of the Quail kind or Class which was whistleing near our Camp    it is [lar]ger than the quail or partridge as they are Called Kentucky and [Virg]inia.    it's form is presisely that of our partridge tho' its plumage differs in every part.    the upper part of the head, Sides and back of the neck, including the Croop and about ⅓ of the under part of the body is of a bright dove coloured blue, under neath the under beak, as high as the lower edge of the eye, and back as far as the hinder part of the eyes and thence comeing down to a point in the front of the neck about ⅔rd of it's length downwards, is of a fine dark brick red.    between this brick red and the dove colour there runs a narrow Stripe of pure white.    the ears are covered with some coarse dark brown feathers.    just at the base of the under chap there is a narrow transvirce Stripe of white.    from the crown of the head two long round feathers extend backwards nearly in the direction of the beak and are of a black Colour.    the length of these feathers is 2½ inches.    one overlais and Conseals the other which is Somewhat Shorter and Seems to be raped in the plumage of that in front which folding backwards colapses behing and has a round appearance.    the tail is composed of 12 dark brown feathers of nearly equal length.    the large feathers of the wings are of a dark brown & are reather Short in purpotion to the body of the bird.    in this respect very Similar to the partridge.    the covert of the wings and back are of a dove Colour with a Slight admixture of redish brown.    a wide Stripe which extends from Side to Side of the body and occupies the lower region of the breast is beautifully varigated with the brick red white & black which perdominates in the order they are mentioned and the Colours mark the feathers transversely.    the legs are covered with feathers as low as the Knee; these feathers are of dark brown tiped with a dark brick red as are also those between and about the joining of the legs with the body.    the foot is presisely that of the Common partridge except that they are as also the legs white.    the upper beak is Short, wide at it's base, black, convex, curv